高考英语虚拟语气专练
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约2300字。
高考英语虚拟语气专练
目标:掌握虚拟语气条件句和名词性从句中动词的变化。
虚拟语气表示说话人的一种愿望,建议,假设和猜想等含义,他们都不是客观存在的事实。
虚拟语气可以分为be型和were 型虚拟语气,be型虚拟语气一般用于名词性从句之中,即从句中的谓语动词用原形或者should+动词原形。而were型虚拟语气则表示一些与客观事实想法的假设或愿望,用动词的过去形式,即一般过去式或者完成式。
一、 were型虚拟语气。
1、 表示与现在的事实相反,谓语动词用一般过去时态。
If I were you, I would tell her.
If I had a gun, I would kill you to death.
在if条件句中,当表示与现在的事实想法时,条件句用一般过去时态,而主句用would+动词原形。如上两句。
在虚拟语气下,am, is, are的虚拟形式都同为were,而不能用was,所以上面的句子不能是:
If I was you, I would tell her.
更多例子:
If I had a brother, I would be happier
If she were here, we would be easy to finish it
If pig could fly, how would everything be impossible. Could 为can 的一般过去时态形式。
2、 与过去的事实相反,条件句用过去完成时态,主句用would+完成时态。
If she had finished it yesterday, she would have broken the record
假如她昨天完成的话,那么她就破记录了。实际并没有,这是对过去的虚拟
If I had met you before, I would have recognize you just now(刚才)
假如我曾遇到过你的话,我刚才就认出你了。
If I had got up earlier, you would have caught the right train.
If he had known her address, he would have visited her year’s age.
3、 虚拟语气中时间的错位时,条件句用过去完成时态,主句用would be.
If he had known the news before, he would be more annoyed now
要是他知道这个消息了的话,他现在会更伤心。
If I had taken a piece of advice from you before, I would be better now
要是我以前能听取你给我的一项建议,我现在都不会是这个样子了。
If we hadn’t met each other, we wouldn’t feel sad now
假如我们不曾相识,也不会造就我们现在的忧伤。
4、 虚拟语气中,条件句可省略if,然后将它倒装。所以以上两句可以变成:
Had I taken a piece of advice from you, I would be better now
Hadn’’t we met each other, we wouldn’t feel sad now
5、 以下几种句子结构中需要用虚拟语气。
It is/was time that+Ved/现在分词。该做什么的时候了。
It is time that we went to the train station
It is high time that we found the truth
It was the very time we had found a right answer to the problem
It was time that I had told something
As if/as though在状语从句中用虚拟语气。
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